My rationale is that the very air is on fire, only those right at the fringe cans see where out is, as well fireball is over in an instant, can be blocked, dodged, shielded, this spell fills every nook and cranny of the area including up you nostrils, you will take damage unless you are out in a split second.
More fuel= more fire=more damage and 1-6 total compared to 1-4/level is not that significant.
What a ring protects against depends on what the DM decides this spells heat catagory is ,
normal, fire, oil
very hot , wall of flame , large fire
or exceptionaly hot, dragon/fireball.