http://www.hyw.com/books/history/agricult.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_English_Agriculture_in_the_Middle_AgesInteresting facts
the ratio of seed to food for medieval grains and legumes ranged from 3.5 to 5 times,, to grow a bushel of wheat you needed to save at least a 1/4 bushel from the year before. Veg /tubers are much more efficient than grains.
This efficiency rose to 1:10 in just pre-industrial times due to better plant varieties, 3 field rotations, understanding soil fertility better.
Industrial farms and high intensity organic both hover around 1:20 today.
In good years only 1/3 of grain was available for sale to towns, all other was consumed locally rather than sold.
Modern calves are as big as some full grown cattle of the middle ages, left overs from that time can be seen in breeds like the Kerry, Dexter and mininture highland cattle, which weigh less than 50% of today's black angus.
at the medieval level production efficiency 80-90 % of people lived by agriculture,
(We would need to know the efficiency level of farming to know the number of farmers/acres in production, I believe we are above medieval levels but below preindustrial.)
While England have 3000 water wheels at the time of the Norman invasion, windmills were unheard of until the 13 c
well known uses for medieval mills included milling grain, processing fiber, pulping paper, trip hammer for manufacturing iron, rough smithing.